diff --git a/skills/_lib/lumina_skills/domain.py b/skills/_lib/lumina_skills/domain.py
index 8eb9d62..4657961 100644
--- a/skills/_lib/lumina_skills/domain.py
+++ b/skills/_lib/lumina_skills/domain.py
@@ -41,6 +41,21 @@ class Appointment:
     # for fixture convenience.
     needs_confirmation: bool = False
 
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        """Validate that end_time is after start_time."""
+        if self.end_time < self.start_time:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"end_time ({self.end_time}) must be >= start_time ({self.start_time}) "
+                f"for appointment {self.appointment_id}"
+            )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"Appointment(id={self.appointment_id!r}, "
+            f"{self.start_time:%H:%M}-{self.end_time:%H:%M}, "
+            f"{self.client_name!r}, {self.status.value})"
+        )
+
     def duration_minutes(self) -> int:
         """Appointment duration in whole minutes."""
         delta = self.end_time - self.start_time
@@ -65,6 +80,12 @@ class Gap:
     # The appointment immediately after this gap (if any).
     following_appointment_id: Optional[str] = None
 
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"Gap({self.start_time:%H:%M}-{self.end_time:%H:%M}, "
+            f"{self.duration_minutes}min, {self.staff_name!r})"
+        )
+
 
 @dataclass(frozen=True)
 class DayBoard:
@@ -83,6 +104,23 @@ class DayBoard:
     total_booked_minutes: int = 0
     total_gap_minutes: int = 0
 
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"DayBoard({self.date}, {self.salon_name!r}, "
+            f"{len(self.appointments)} appts, {len(self.gaps)} gaps)"
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def utilization_rate(self) -> float:
+        """Fraction of the day that is booked (0.0–1.0).
+
+        Returns 0.0 when there is no total time to compute against.
+        """
+        total = self.total_booked_minutes + self.total_gap_minutes
+        if total == 0:
+            return 0.0
+        return self.total_booked_minutes / total
+
     def to_dict(self) -> dict:
         """Serialize to a plain dict for JSON output."""
         return {
@@ -110,6 +148,8 @@ class DayBoard:
                     "end": g.end_time.isoformat(),
                     "duration_minutes": g.duration_minutes,
                     "staff": g.staff_name,
+                    "preceding_appointment_id": g.preceding_appointment_id,
+                    "following_appointment_id": g.following_appointment_id,
                 }
                 for g in self.gaps
             ],
@@ -118,4 +158,5 @@ class DayBoard:
             ],
             "total_booked_minutes": self.total_booked_minutes,
             "total_gap_minutes": self.total_gap_minutes,
+            "utilization_rate": round(self.utilization_rate, 4),
         }